Col du Galibier stands as one of cycling’s most mythical challenges. At 2,642 meters, this Alpine giant has been featured in the Tour de France over 60 times since 1911, and for good reason—it embodies everything that makes mountain cycling extraordinary.
The Legend
Tour de France founder Henri Desgrange famously wrote: “Before the Galibier, we can only doff our caps and bow.” That sentiment still holds true today. The pass connects the Maurienne and Romanche valleys, straddling the border between Savoie and Hautes-Alpes departments in the French Alps.
Route Details
South Approach (from Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne via Col du Télégraphe):
- Distance: 34.8 km
- Elevation gain: 2,556 m
- Average gradient: 7.4%
- Maximum gradient: 12%
North Approach (from Valloire):
- Distance: 18.1 km
- Elevation gain: 1,245 m
- Average gradient: 6.9%
- Maximum gradient: 10.5%
The traditional and more challenging route combines both passes: climb Col du Télégraphe first (12km at 7.1%), descend briefly to Valloire, then tackle Galibier itself. This creates one continuous 34.8km effort that tests both your climbing power and mental resilience.
What Makes It Special
The Tunnel and Summit: The route features a tunnel about 500 meters below the actual summit. While Tour riders take the tunnel, cyclists can continue on the old road to reach the true summit at 2,642m, where a monument honors Henri Desgrange himself.
The Views: On clear days, you’ll see Mont Blanc to the north. The lunar landscape near the summit—all rock and snow, devoid of vegetation—feels otherworldly.
The History: Every switchback carries Tour de France history. Fausto Coppi, Eddy Merckx, Bernard Hinault, Marco Pantani—all have suffered and triumphed here.
The Challenge: The sheer length and altitude make this a complete test. The Télégraphe warms you up (or wears you down), and Galibier proper features sections exceeding 10% gradient in the middle kilometers.
Best Time to Ride
Peak Season: July - August The pass typically opens in June and closes in October, depending on snow. July and August offer the most reliable weather, though expect company from cyclists worldwide.
Optimal Conditions: Late June or Early September Fewer crowds, still-reliable weather, and road conditions are excellent. Morning starts give you calmer winds and cooler temperatures.
Avoid: Weekends in July-August get extremely crowded, especially during or shortly after the Tour passes through.
Practical Tips
Pacing Strategy: If climbing from Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne, conserve energy on Télégraphe. The real challenge begins after Valloire. The middle section of Galibier (km 6-12 from Valloire) features the steepest gradients—manage your effort here.
Gearing: A compact crankset (50/34) with at least an 11-32 cassette is recommended. Many riders prefer 11-34. At this altitude and duration, there’s no shame in spinning easy gears.
Fueling: Start fueling before Valloire and continue eating regularly. The altitude, cold, and effort can suppress appetite—eat on schedule, not by feel. Budget 800-1000 calories per hour.
Clothing: Even on warm days, temperatures at the summit rarely exceed 15°C (60°F) and often hover around 5-10°C (40-50°F). Pack a windproof jacket, arm warmers, and leg warmers. The descent is long and cold.
Hydration: Carry three bottles if possible, or plan to refill in Valloire. Altitude and exertion increase fluid needs.
Difficulty Rating
Expert: The full Télégraphe-Galibier combination ranks among the hardest single-day rides in the Alps. The length, altitude, and cumulative elevation gain demand excellent fitness and climbing experience.
If you’re newer to alpine cycling, consider riding just Galibier from Valloire as preparation for the full route later.
What to Expect
Télégraphe (km 0-12): Steady 7% through multiple villages. The gradient is consistent enough to find your rhythm.
Valloire Descent (km 12-17): Brief respite. Refuel here if needed—this is your last chance before the summit.
Galibier Lower Section (km 17-24): Moderate gradients through beautiful alpine meadows. Save energy.
Galibier Middle Section (km 24-29): The crux. Gradients hit 10%+ as you pass Plan Lachat. This is where the real suffering begins.
Galibier Summit Section (km 29-35): The gradient eases slightly, but altitude and fatigue compound. The landscape turns barren and rocky. Push past the tunnel entrance to reach the true summit.
The Summit: Take time here. Sign the summit register (kept in a box by the monument), enjoy the views, photograph the monument, and prepare for the descent.
After You Conquer It
The descent toward Briançon is spectacular but technical, with tight hairpins and variable road surfaces. Stay alert despite fatigue.
Many riders combine Galibier with other famous cols—Col du Lautaret is just 8km down the Briançon side. A loop back via Col de la Croix de Fer creates one of the Alps’ greatest rides.
Why You Should Ride It
Col du Galibier isn’t just a climb—it’s a pilgrimage. The combination of length, altitude, beauty, and history makes it unforgettable. Yes, it’s hard. Yes, you’ll suffer. But reaching that summit monument under your own power joins you to cycling’s greatest tradition.
Start planning now. Check the opening dates, book accommodation in Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne or Valloire, and build your fitness. When you finally stand at 2,642 meters, looking out over the Alps, you’ll understand why Desgrange said we must bow before the Galibier.
Prepare for your alpine adventure by downloading stunning cycling wallpapers to keep you motivated during training.
